Fasting is a part of many faiths, including Islam (during the holy month of Ramadan), Judaism (for example, on Yom Kippur) and Catholicism (as in Good Friday). For many people with eating disorders, observing these holidays in this way presents a real conflict.
Appreciating the Risk
If someone is currently suffering from a restrictive-type eating disorder – as in anorexia nervosa or ARFID – or has a history of one of these conditions, fasting may carry risk. The risks could be physical, behavioral, or psychological. In some cases, it can lead to increased restriction after the holiday and other forms of relapse. For individuals with binge eating and purging behaviors, engaging in strict dietary restriction and not eating for many hours can add to the risk of binge eating later in the day.
People with eating disorders who are religiously observant may feel stuck and confused during these periods. They may feel very connected to their faith and thus (erroneously) decide that they are a “bad”, sinful, or unworthy member of this faith if they do not fast. At the same time, they may realize the risks inherent in fasting and be apprehensive about possibly becoming more entrenched in their eating disorder.
To navigate these murky waters, we offer some ideas and questions to reflect upon to clarify your intentions, values, and goals. And, ultimately, to decide whether or not fasting is appropriate for you.
Talk It Through With Someone
If you are connected to a mental health or medical professional, it is worth your while to bring up the issue of religious fasting or dietary restriction with them. Ideally, raise it well in advance of the given holiday. They can help you think about the pros and cons of each choice. Together, you can review information about eating disorders and fasting.
Talk through your reasons for wanting to fast and your reasons why it might not be a great idea. For example, are you struggling with any dysfunctional thoughts that could be challenged? Is a part of your desire to fast rooted in a desire to restrict for purposes that serve your illness more than your faith? Be honest with yourself. Then, discuss these thoughts with your healthcare providers so that they can be in the best position to help you.
If you are in contact with a trusted community leader in your religious faith (e.g., an imam, rabbi, pastor), consider consulting with them. Ask about fasting when one has an eating disorder. Many faiths already offer guidance about whether fasting is suggested for everyone. Often, there are exceptions. For example, during Ramadan individuals struggling with an illness are excused from fasting. People experiencing physical or mental illness are exempted from fasting on Good Friday.
Learn How Others have Handled this Dilemma
Many people of faith with eating disorders have written about their experiences. There is much to learn from those with lived experience. In this case, you can understand others’ thoughts on faith, ways of belonging, and whether or not to practice religious fasting. For examples, check out this piece on Jewish fast days and this post on eating disorders and the blessings of Ramadan.
Consider whether Your Intention Can be Met Differently
What is my intention with fasting? Can it be achieved in some other way? For many individuals, fasting during religious observance is intended as a way to achieve a cultural connection. Sometimes, it serves to remember and pay homage to those who have suffered in the past or who are currently suffering. If this is the spirit underlying a proposed period of fasting, think through whether there are other acts you can participate in, rather than fasting, that can achieve this same overarching goal.
Can you participate in activities helping those who are less fortunate than you, either within or outside of your religious community? Perhaps there are non-food-based sacrifices you can make, such as limiting television or time on your smartphone. Is part of the appeal of fasting that it is a way to bond with other members of your family and religious community? Or, simply a long-standing tradition? Perhaps you can speak with those close to you about creating a new tradition.
No matter what you decide, we at the Columbia Center for Eating Disorders wish you a meaningful and recovery-consistent holiday.
If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder, we encourage you to speak with a clinician or contact the National Eating Disorder Association or a program like ours, for referrals.
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